Assignment Overview

In this homework assignment, you'll migrate an existing WordPress installation (or create a new one) to a fully containerized Docker environment. This hands-on project will solidify your understanding of Docker for WordPress development.

Part 1: Project Setup (30 minutes)

Task 1.1: Create Project Structure

Create the following directory structure for your Docker WordPress project:

# Create project directory
mkdir wordpress-docker-migration
cd wordpress-docker-migration

# Create required directories
mkdir -p config/{nginx,php,mysql}
mkdir -p wp-content/{themes,plugins,uploads,mu-plugins}
mkdir -p database/backups
mkdir -p logs/{wordpress,mysql,nginx}
mkdir -p scripts
mkdir -p docs

# Create configuration files
touch docker-compose.yml
touch docker-compose.{dev,prod}.yml
touch .env
touch .env.example
touch .gitignore
touch README.md
touch Makefile

Task 1.2: Create .gitignore

# .gitignore
.env
.env.local
.env.*.local
*.log
*.sql
*.sql.gz
wp-content/uploads/*
wp-content/cache/*
wp-content/upgrade/*
wp-content/backups/*
database/backups/*
logs/*
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
node_modules/
vendor/
.idea/
.vscode/
*.swp
*.swo
*~

Part 2: Docker Configuration (45 minutes)

Task 2.1: Create Main docker-compose.yml

Create a comprehensive Docker Compose configuration that includes:

Task 2.2: Environment Configuration

Create environment files for different stages:

# .env.example
# WordPress
WP_VERSION=6.4-php8.2-apache
WP_PORT=8080
WP_DEBUG=false
WP_DEBUG_LOG=false
WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY=false

# Database
DB_HOST=mysql
DB_NAME=wordpress
DB_USER=wpuser
DB_PASSWORD=CHANGE_THIS_PASSWORD
DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=CHANGE_THIS_ROOT_PASSWORD
DB_PORT=3306

# phpMyAdmin
PMA_PORT=8081

# Redis (optional)
REDIS_PORT=6379
REDIS_PASSWORD=CHANGE_THIS_REDIS_PASSWORD

# Environment
ENVIRONMENT=development

Task 2.3: PHP Configuration

Create custom PHP configuration inconfig/php/custom.ini:

; config/php/custom.ini
upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M
max_execution_time = 300
max_input_time = 300
memory_limit = 256M
max_input_vars = 3000

; Error handling
display_errors = Off
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php/error.log

; Session
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440

; OPcache
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
opcache.revalidate_freq = 0
opcache.validate_timestamps = 1

Part 3: Migration Process (45 minutes)

Task 3.1: Export Existing WordPress Site

If you have an existing WordPress installation:

# Export database
mysqldump -u root -p wordpress_db > database/backups/original-site.sql

# Or use WP-CLI
wp db export database/backups/original-site.sql

# Copy WordPress content
cp -r /path/to/wordpress/wp-content/* ./wp-content/

# Export WordPress configuration
cp /path/to/wordpress/wp-config.php ./wp-config-backup.php

Task 3.2: Import to Docker Environment

Create a migration scriptscripts/migrate.sh:

#!/bin/bash
# scripts/migrate.sh

echo "Starting WordPress migration to Docker..."

# 1. Start containers
docker-compose up -d

# Wait for MySQL to be ready
echo "Waiting for MySQL to be ready..."
until docker exec wp-mysql mysqladmin ping -h localhost --silent; do
    sleep 1
done

# 2. Import database
echo "Importing database..."
docker exec -i wp-mysql mysql -u root -p${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD} wordpress < database/backups/original-site.sql

# 3. Update URLs if needed
read -p "Enter old site URL: " OLD_URL
read -p "Enter new site URL (http://localhost:8080): " NEW_URL

docker exec wp-site wp search-replace "$OLD_URL" "$NEW_URL" --skip-columns=guid

# 4. Fix permissions
echo "Fixing permissions..."
docker exec wp-site chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-content

# 5. Clear cache
docker exec wp-site wp cache flush

echo "Migration complete!"
echo "Access your site at: $NEW_URL"

Part 4: Development Workflow (30 minutes)

Task 4.1: Create Makefile

Implement automation with a Makefile:

# Makefile
.PHONY: help up down restart logs shell backup restore clean install

help:
	@echo "WordPress Docker Management"
	@echo "------------------------"
	@echo "make up         - Start all containers"
	@echo "make down       - Stop all containers"
	@echo "make restart    - Restart all containers"
	@echo "make logs       - View container logs"
	@echo "make shell      - Access WordPress shell"
	@echo "make backup     - Backup database and files"
	@echo "make restore    - Restore from backup"
	@echo "make clean      - Remove all containers and volumes"
	@echo "make install    - Fresh WordPress installation"

up:
	docker-compose up -d
	@echo "WordPress is running at http://localhost:8080"
	@echo "phpMyAdmin is running at http://localhost:8081"

down:
	docker-compose down

restart:
	docker-compose restart

logs:
	docker-compose logs -f

shell:
	docker exec -it wp-site bash

wp:
	docker exec wp-site wp $(filter-out $@,$(MAKECMDGOALS))

backup:
	@mkdir -p database/backups
	@echo "Creating backup..."
	@docker exec wp-mysql mysqldump -u root -p$(shell grep DB_ROOT_PASSWORD .env | cut -d '=' -f2) wordpress > database/backups/backup-$(shell date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).sql
	@tar -czf database/backups/wp-content-$(shell date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tar.gz wp-content/
	@echo "Backup completed!"

restore:
	@echo "Available backups:"
	@ls -la database/backups/*.sql
	@read -p "Enter backup filename: " BACKUP; \
	docker exec -i wp-mysql mysql -u root -p$(shell grep DB_ROOT_PASSWORD .env | cut -d '=' -f2) wordpress < database/backups/$$BACKUP
	@echo "Restore completed!"

clean:
	docker-compose down -v
	rm -rf wp-content/uploads/*
	rm -rf logs/*
	@echo "Cleanup completed!"

install:
	docker-compose up -d
	sleep 10
	docker exec wp-site wp core install \
		--url=http://localhost:8080 \
		--title="WordPress Docker" \
		--admin_user=admin \
		--admin_password=admin123 \
		--admin_email=admin@example.com
	@echo "WordPress installed!"
	@echo "Admin: admin / admin123"

# Catch-all for wp-cli commands
%:
	@:

Task 4.2: Development vs Production Configuration

Createdocker-compose.dev.ymloverride file:

# docker-compose.dev.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  wordpress:
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DEBUG: 'true'
      WORDPRESS_DEBUG_LOG: 'true'
      WORDPRESS_DEBUG_DISPLAY: 'false'
      SCRIPT_DEBUG: 'true'
    volumes:
      # Mount theme for development
      - ./wp-content/themes/my-theme:/var/www/html/wp-content/themes/my-theme
      # Mount plugin for development
      - ./wp-content/plugins/my-plugin:/var/www/html/wp-content/plugins/my-plugin

  # Add Xdebug for development
  xdebug:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.xdebug
    volumes:
      - ./wp-content:/var/www/html/wp-content
    ports:
      - "9003:9003"

Part 5: Testing and Validation (30 minutes)

Task 5.1: Validation Checklist

Task 5.2: Performance Testing

# Check resource usage
docker stats

# Test site performance
docker exec wp-site wp site health check

# Check query performance
docker exec wp-site wp db query "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Slow_queries'"

# Verify caching (if Redis installed)
docker exec wp-site wp redis status

Part 6: Documentation (20 minutes)

Task 6.1: Create README.md

Document your Docker WordPress setup:

# WordPress Docker Development Environment

## Overview
This project provides a complete Docker-based WordPress development environment.

## Requirements
- Docker Desktop 4.0+
- Docker Compose 2.0+
- 4GB RAM minimum
- 10GB free disk space

## Quick Start
1. Clone this repository
2. Copy `.env.example` to `.env` and configure
3. Run `make up` to start containers
4. Access WordPress at http://localhost:8080

## Services
- **WordPress**: Latest version with PHP 8.2
- **MySQL**: 8.0 with persistent storage
- **phpMyAdmin**: Database management UI
- **Redis**: Object caching (optional)

## Commands
```bash
make up         # Start environment
make down       # Stop environment
make backup     # Create backup
make restore    # Restore from backup
make shell      # Access WordPress shell
make logs       # View logs
```

## Directory Structure
```
.
├── wp-content/         # WordPress content
├── database/          # Database files and backups
├── config/            # Configuration files
├── logs/              # Application logs
├── scripts/           # Utility scripts
└── docker-compose.yml # Docker configuration
```

## Development Workflow
[Document your workflow here]

## Troubleshooting
[Common issues and solutions]

## License
[Your license]

Grading Rubric