// for loop syntax
for (initialization; condition; update) {
    // Code to repeat
}

// Example: Counting from 1 to 5
for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}
// Output: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

// Example: Looping through an array
const fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Date", "Elderberry"];
for (let i = 0; i < fruits.length; i++) {
    console.log(`Fruit ${i+1}: ${fruits[i]}`);
}

// Example: Creating a multiplication table
function createMultiplicationTable(size) {
    let table = '';
    
    for (let i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
        let row = '';
        
        for (let j = 1; j <= size; j++) {
            row += `${i * j}\t`;
        }
        
        table += row + '\n';
    }
    
    return table;
}

console.log(createMultiplicationTable(5));

// while loop syntax
while (condition) {
    // Code to repeat
}

// Example: Basic counting
let count = 1;
while (count <= 5) {
    console.log(count);
    count++;
}
// Output: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

// Example: Processing user input
let userInput = "";
let attempts = 0;
const correctPassword = "secret123";

while (userInput !== correctPassword && attempts < 3) {
    userInput = prompt(`Enter password (${3 - attempts} attempts left):`);
    attempts++;
}

if (userInput === correctPassword) {
    console.log("Access granted");
} else {
    console.log("Account locked. Too many failed attempts.");
}

// Example: Random number guessing game
function playGuessingGame() {
    const target = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1;
    let guess;
    let attempts = 0;
    
    console.log("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100...");
    
    while (guess !== target) {
        guess = parseInt(prompt("Enter your guess:"));
        attempts++;
        
        if (isNaN(guess)) {
            console.log("Please enter a valid number");
        } else if (guess < target) {
            console.log("Too low! Try again.");
        } else if (guess > target) {
            console.log("Too high! Try again.");
        } else {
            console.log(`Correct! You guessed the number in ${attempts} attempts.`);
        }
    }
}

// do...while loop syntax
do {
    // Code to repeat
} while (condition);

// Example: Basic counting
let count = 1;
do {
    console.log(count);
    count++;
} while (count <= 5);
// Output: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

// Example: Menu system
let option;
do {
    console.log("\n--- Main Menu ---");
    console.log("1. View Profile");
    console.log("2. Edit Settings");
    console.log("3. Logout");
    option = prompt("Enter option (1-3):");
    
    switch (option) {
        case "1":
            console.log("Loading profile...");
            break;
        case "2":
            console.log("Opening settings...");
            break;
        case "3":
            console.log("Logging out...");
            break;
        default:
            console.log("Invalid option. Please try again.");
            break;
    }
} while (option !== "3");

// The key difference between while and do-while:
// This while loop won't execute if x is already 10
let x = 10;
while (x < 10) {
    console.log(x);
    x++;
}

// This do-while will run once even though x is already 10
let y = 10;
do {
    console.log(y);
    y++;
} while (y < 10);
// Output: 10

// for...in loop syntax
for (variable in object) {
    // Code to execute for each property
}

// Example: Iterating over object properties
const person = {
    firstName: "Jane",
    lastName: "Doe",
    age: 28,
    email: "jane.doe@example.com"
};

for (let key in person) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${person[key]}`);
}
// Output:
// firstName: Jane
// lastName: Doe
// age: 28
// email: jane.doe@example.com

// Warning: Be careful using for...in with arrays
// for...in iterates over all enumerable properties, not just numeric indices
const numbers = [10, 20, 30];
numbers.customProperty = "test";

for (let i in numbers) {
    console.log(i, numbers[i]);
}
// Output:
// 0 10
// 1 20
// 2 30
// customProperty test

// Example: Copying object properties
function copyObjectProperties(source, destination) {
    for (let key in source) {
        // Check if the property belongs to the object itself, not its prototype
        if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            destination[key] = source[key];
        }
    }
    return destination;
}

const original = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
const copy = copyObjectProperties(original, {});
console.log(copy);  // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

// for...of loop syntax
for (variable of iterable) {
    // Code to execute for each element
}

// Example: Iterating over an array
const colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];
for (let color of colors) {
    console.log(color);
}
// Output: red, green, blue

// Example: Iterating over a string
const message = "Hello";
for (let char of message) {
    console.log(char);
}
// Output: H, e, l, l, o

// Example: Iterating over a Map
const fruitInventory = new Map([
    ["apples", 43],
    ["bananas", 27],
    ["oranges", 15]
]);

for (let [fruit, count] of fruitInventory) {
    console.log(`${fruit}: ${count}`);
}
// Output:
// apples: 43
// bananas: 27
// oranges: 15

// Example: Processing data values with for...of
function calculateStatistics(data) {
    let sum = 0;
    let min = data[0];
    let max = data[0];
    
    for (let value of data) {
        sum += value;
        min = Math.min(min, value);
        max = Math.max(max, value);
    }
    
    return {
        sum: sum,
        average: sum / data.length,
        min: min,
        max: max
    };
}

const temperatures = [72, 68, 74, 77, 65, 71, 70];
console.log(calculateStatistics(temperatures));

// forEach() - Execute a function for each array element
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
numbers.forEach(function(number, index) {
    console.log(`Element at index ${index} is ${number}`);
});

// map() - Create a new array by transforming each element
const doubledNumbers = numbers.map(function(number) {
    return number * 2;
});
console.log(doubledNumbers);  // [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

// filter() - Create a new array with elements that pass a test
const evenNumbers = numbers.filter(function(number) {
    return number % 2 === 0;
});
console.log(evenNumbers);  // [2, 4]

// reduce() - Reduce an array to a single value
const sum = numbers.reduce(function(accumulator, currentValue) {
    return accumulator + currentValue;
}, 0);
console.log(sum);  // 15

// Arrow function syntax makes these methods even more concise
const squared = numbers.map(num => num * num);
const largeNumbers = numbers.filter(num => num > 3);
const product = numbers.reduce((total, num) => total * num, 1);